PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

Home / Regular Issue / JSSH Vol. 33 (S1) 2025 / JSSH(S)-1599-2024

 

Exploring the Subjective Financial Well-Being of Indigenous People Communities in Malaysia

Muhammad Afiq Abdul Razak, Mohd Roslan Rosnon, Muhamad Luqmanudin Jalaludin, Mohd Fariz Razali and Mohamad Naquiddin Dahamat Azam

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 33, Issue S1, December 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.33.S1.09

Keywords: Community development, empowerment, financial awareness, Indigenous community, Subjective Well-being

Published on: 2025-02-27

This study explores the subjective financial well-being of Indigenous People in Malaysia. Although the concept of financial well-being is strongly established in past studies, the perception of well-being conceptualization from the indigenous people’s view is still not clear. Fifteen heads of households of Indigenous People from the Mah Meri tribe participated in the study. A qualitative method uses an exploratory research design to present information obtained via the Nominal Group Technique. The results of the study on the concept of subjective financial well-being formed three major themes: (1) sufficiency, (2) comfort, and (3) satisfaction. Based on the study’s findings, most informants have good financial socialization, implying Indigenous communities’ ability to embrace well-being. The implication of this research finding is that knowledge and information regarding the utilization and management of finances ought to be assimilated by the Orang Asli Mah Meri so that they do not become victims of modern-world hedonism and luxury brought about by mainstream society. The contribution of this study to the existing body of knowledge can be seen theoretically from the perspective of multi-linear social change. According to multi-linear theorists, human culture has evolved along multiple lines. Meanwhile, contemporary sociologists argue that social changes or occurrences do not happen in a planned manner.

  • Abdul Rahman, E. (2006). Negara-bangsa proses dan perbahasan (2nd ed.) [Nation-state processes and debates]. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

    Azyantee, M. Z. (2013). Traditions and taboos of the Mah Meri tribe of Tanjung Sepat, Banting, Selangor. Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 6(2), 155-169.

    Buang, M., Samah, A. A., Rosnon, M. R., & Burhan, N. A. S. (2023). Does the board’s human capital, social capital and participation affect co-operative performance? The case of Program Desa Lestari. REVESCO: Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 1(143), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5209/reve.84397

    Carey, I. (1973). A brief account of the Mah Meri. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 46(2), 185-194.

    Chan, C. S. C. (2010). Mah Meri onstage: Negotiating policies, tourism and modernization in Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Malaysia. [Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawai’i Manoa]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

    Ching, C. C. S. (2009). Heterogeneity in the musical acquisition of Orang Asli children from the Mah Meri and Semai Groups. Malaysian Music Journal, 1(2), 1-19.

    Faezah, K., Abd Wahid, J., Zamre, A. H., Norazlan, H. Y., & Aiza, M. (2017, April 11-12). Perubahan amalan budaya masyarakat Orang Asli (Muslim): Satu kajian awal di Pos Pantos, Kuala Lipis, Pahang [Changes in cultural practices of the Orang Asli (Muslim) community: A preliminary study in Pos Pantos, Kuala Lipis, Pahang] [Conference presentation abstract]. International Conference on Islam, Development and Social Harmony in Southeast Asia (ICDIS2017), Narathiwat, Thailand.

    Fang, Y. X, Sarjit, S. G., Puvaneswaran, K., Rosnon, M. R., Talib, A. T. & Abd Aziz, A. (2022). Digital divide: An inquiry on the native communities of Sabah. Societies, 12(6), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12060148

    Ghorbanzadeh, O., Moslem, S., Blaschke, T., & Duleba, S. (2018). Sustainable urban transport planning considering different stakeholder groups by an interval-AHP decision support model. Sustainability, 11(1), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010009

    Godinho, V. (2014). Money, financial capability and well-being in indigenous Australia. [Doctoral dissertation, RMIT University]. RMIT Research Repository.

    Haliza, A. R. (2010). Penglibatan masyarakat peribumi dalam isu berkaitan persekitaran: Tinjauan terhadap suku Mah Meri di Pulau Carey, Kuala Langat Selangor [Involvement of indigenous communities in environmental issues: A survey of the Mah Meri in Carey Island, Kuala Langat Selangor]. Kemanusiaan, 17, 111-134.

    Hasan, M. N. (2000). Development and marginalization: The case of Orang Asli. In D. E. Abdul Rahman (Ed.), Negara, pasaran dan pemodenan Malaysia [Nation, market and modernization of Malaysia] (pp. 159-180). Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

    Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli. (2016). Data Maklumat Asas Orang Asli 2016 [Basic information data of Orang Asli 2016]. Kementerian Kemajuan Desa dan Wilayah.

    Joo, S., & Garman, E. T. (1998). The relationship between personal financial wellness and employee productivity: A conceptual model. Personal Finances and Worker Productivity, 2(2), 162-171.

    Joo, S., & Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEEI.0000016722.37994.9f

    Kurnosova, S., Zabelina, E., Trushina, I., & Shchukina, K. (2022). The model of economic behavior of indigenous minorities of the North in the context of globalization. Russian Foundation for Basic Research Journal Humanities and Social Sciences, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.22204/2587-8956-2022-108-01-115-126

    Lai, W. T. (2016). Gender and livelihoods: A case study of the Mah Meri and the oil palm plantations of Carey Island. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 17(2), 66-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2011.11666108

    Laily, P., & Jariah, M. (2003). Pengenalan ekonomi pengguna [Introduction to consumer economics]. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

    Ledgerwood, A., Liviatan, I., & Carnevale, P. J. (2007). Group-Identity completion and the symbolic value of property. Association for Psychological Science, 18(10), 873-878. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01994.x

    Majin, J. J., Azman, I., & Lamun Jailani, F. (2016). Support for future tourism development, quality of life and perceived impacts of tourism industry within indigenous community: Mah Meri of Carey Island, Malaysia. In M. A. Abdullah, W. K. Yahya, N. Ramli, S. R. Mohamed & B. E. Ahmad (Eds.), Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014): Business and Social Sciences (pp. 1063-1074) Springer Science+Business Media Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1458-1_95

    Nazuri, N. S., Rosnon, M. R., Ahmad, N., Ahmad Suhimi, S. S., Sharifuddin, J., & Wijekoon, R. (2022). Vindication of linking social capital capacity to urban agriculture: A paradigm of participation based on social empowerment in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(3), 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031509

    New Economic Foundation. (2013). Measuring national well-being: Domains and measure [Data set]. Office for National Statistics.

    Nicholas, C. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources: Indigenous politics, development and identity in Peninsular Malaysia. Center for Orang Asli Concerns (IWGIA)

    Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). OECD guidelines on measuring subjective well-being. OECD Publishing.

    Puvaneswaran, K., Sarjit, S. G., Ahmad Tarmizi, T., & Ma’rof, R. (2013). Culture as an indigenous tourism product of Mah Meri community in Malaysia. Life Science Journal, 10(3), 1600-1604.

    Puvaneswaran, K., Sarjit, S. G., Sridar, R., Ahmad Tarmizi, T., Tom, B., & Syamsul Herman, M. F. (2017). Measuring sustainable indigenous tourism indicators: A case of Mah Meri ethnic group in Carey Island, Malaysia. Sustainability, 9(7), 1256. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9071256

    Radzi, S. B. M. (2003). Pantun suku kaum Mah Meri [Mah Meri Poem]. Akademika, 62(3), 41-57.

    Radzi, S. B. M. (2004). Citra Melayu dalam pantun Mah Meri [Malay images in Mah Meri poems]. Jurnal Peradaban Melayu, 2, 114-137.

    Rahim, R. (2007). Chita’ Hae culture, crafts and customs of the Hma’ Meri in Kampung Sungai Bumbon, Pulau Carey. Center for Orang Asli Concerns.

    Roddin, R., Yusof, Y., & Sidi, N. S. S. (2015). Factors that influence the success of Mah Meri tribe in tourism sector. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 204, 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.162

    Roddin, R., Yusof, Y., Awang, H., & Warman, S. (2017). Transformation value of Mah Meri community in aboriginal tourism. Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship (GBSE), 3(6), 47-57.

    Rosnon, M. R. (2010). Penggunaan barangan dan perkhidmatan sebagai petunjuk pembangunan komuniti Orang Asli di Daerah Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan [The use of goods and services as an indicator of Orang Asli community development in Jelebu District, Negeri Sembilan] [Master’s thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia]. Malaysia Thesis Online.

    Rosnon, M. R., Abu Talib, M., & Azam, M. N. D. (2021). Symbolic self-determination: The case of Malaysia and Australia’s indigenous education policy. Kajian Malaysia, 39(1), 25-53. https://doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.1.2

    Rosnon, M. R., Abdul Razak, M. A., Jalaludin, M. L., Dahamat Azam, M. N., Tualeka, A. R., & Ahrari, S. (2024). Exploring the subjective well-being of elderly Orang Seletar indigenous people in Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(8), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.2606

    Rosnon, M. R., Talib, M. A., & Abdul Rahman, N. A. F. W. (2019). Self-determination of indigenous education policies in Australia: The case of the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(S1), 267-284. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2019-1501-10

    Sarjit, S. G., Rosnon, M. R., & Redzuan, M. (2010). Acculturation of consumerism among the Orang Asli community in Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. Pertanika Journal Social Sciences & Humanities, 18(2), 321-331.

    Shah, N. M., Rus, R. C., Hussain, M. A. M., & Wahab, N. (2018). The Orang Asli profile in Peninsular Malaysia: Background & challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 8(7), 1157-1164. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i7/4563

    Stevens, M., Kruspe, N., & Hajek, J. (2006). Register in Mah Meri: A preliminary phonetic analysis. Dresden. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2006-65

    Ting, D. H., & Abella, M. S. (2017). The implications of a planned development on consumption practices: A case study of an Orang Asli community in Malaysia. In A. Gneezy, V. Griskevicius & P. Williams (Eds.), Association for Consumer Research (Vol. 45, pp. 914-915). Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota.

    Verplanken, B., & Holland, R. W. (2002). Motivated decision making: Effects of activation and self-centrality of values on choices and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(3), 434-447. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.3.434

    Vivien, W. C. Y., Abd Hair, A., Sivapalan, S. & Mohd Yusof, H. (2020). Measuring the well-being of indigenous population in Peninsular Malaysia. In I. Aniza, D. Abdul Ghafar & A. Zulkefli (Eds.), Empowering & improvement of the well-being of orang asli Malaysia (pp. 28-28). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

    Walson, C. O., & Fitzsimmons, V. S. (1993). Financial manager’s perception of rural household economic well-being: Development and testing of a composite measure. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 14(3), 193-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01022177

    Wan Norlida, W. N., Zalilah, M. S., Khor, G. L., Ng, W. C., Mirnalini, K., Nawalyah, A. G., & Hejar, A. R. (2007). Breastfeeding practices and nutritional status of Orang Asli children (Temuan and Meh Meri) in Sepang District and Carey Island. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3(2), 1-15.

    Wan Zawawi, I. (1996). Kami bukan anti pembangunan: Bicara Orang Asli menuju Wawasan 2020 [We are not anti-development: Orang Asli narative towards Vision 2020]. Persatuan Sains Sosial Malaysia.

    Wardhana, F. S., Yuhan, X., & Qian, C. (2014). A study of cultural identity, cultural heritage and tourism development in Mah Meri community cultural village, Carey Island, Selangor, Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

    Wazir-Jahan, B. K. (1981). Ma’ Betisek concept of living things (Vol. 54). Routledge.

    Werner, R. (1997). Mah Meri. University of Malaya Press.

    William-Hunt, A. (1998). Orang Asli dan cabaran pembangunan [Orang Asli and the development challenges]. In M. N. Hassan (Ed.), Warga pribumi menghadapi cabaran pembangunan [Indigenous people and the development challenges] (pp. 76-87). Jabatan Sosiologi dan Antropologi, UKM.

    Yassin, S. M., Samah, A. A., D’Silva, J. L., Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., & Sahharon, H. (2015). Menjejaki kesejahteraan dari kacamata komuniti Malaysia [Tracking well-being from the eyes of the Malaysian community]. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

    Zabelina, E., Kurnosova, S., Telitsyna, A., & Shchukina, K. (2019). Interrelation between economic attitudes and life values of the small indigenous peoples of the Russian arctic (on the Nenets sample). Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University, 105-115. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-7235-2019-3-105-115

    Zabelina, E., Kurnosova, S., Trushina, I., & Shchukina, K. (2022). Predictors and effects of the economic consciousness of the indigenous peoples of the North. The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences, 31, 236-256. https://doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.325

    Zabelina, E., Kurnosova, S., Trushina, I., Koptseva, N., & Luzan, V. (2020). Life values and subjective well-being of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the arctic zone. Journal of Siberian Federal University Humanities & Social Sciences, 13(6), 997-1006. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0623

    Zuhairi, M. H., Rosnon, M. R., & Shaari, J. (2020). A systematic review on the Mah Meri People in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(16), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i16/8293