Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) is in the pea family (Fabaceae) and is a native Mexican vine that produces an edible tuber called jicama or Mexican turnip in English. This study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of bengkuang extracts administered via oral gavage into rats at 4 days post-induction of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus. At 14 days post injection (daily) of extracts at 28 and 56 mg/200 g body weight (BW), blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from 277 ± 4 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) for the Diabetes Control Group to 182 ± 3 and 99 ± 55 mg/dl, respectively. The latter glucose level was comparable to that in the Antidiabetic Control Group rats (111 ± 63 mg/dl) injected with glibenclamide at 0.09 mg/200 g BW. The diabetes-induced rats also showed signs of cell recovery from diabetic-associated pancreatic tissue damage, supporting the efficacy of bengkuang treatment. According to phytochemical tests, the bengkuang extract contained various metabolites, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, that may have been responsible for its antidiabetic activity. The results justify further studies on the underlying mechanisms of bengkuang antidiabetic activity.

• Arifin, H., AnnMerry, C., & Ahmad, A. (2011). Pengaruh air perasan bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) terhadap kadar gula darah mencit putih jantan diabetes [Effect of bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) extract on blood sugar levels of diabetic male white mice]. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Peternakan, 16(2), 128–37.

• Barky, A. E., Hussein, S. A., Alm-Eldeen, A. E., Hafez, Y. A., & Mohamed, T. (2017). Saponins and their potential role in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Management, 7(1), 148-158.

• Dal Canto, E., Ceriello, A., Rydén, L., Ferrini, M., Hansen, T. B., Schnell, O., Standl, E., & Beulens, J. W. (2019). Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor: An overview of global trends of macro and microvascular complications. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 26(2_suppl), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319878371

• Ghasemi, A., Khalifi, S., & Jedi, S. (2014). Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 101(4), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.4.2

• Khamees, A. H., Fawzi, H. A., & Sahib, H. B. (2020). Phytochemical investigation and assessment of the hypoglycemic activity of two herbal extracts from selected Iraqi medicinal plants in alloxan-stimulated diabetic rats: A comparative study. F1000 Research, 9, 247. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22788.1

• Kumar, A., Aswal, S., Semwal, R. B., Chauhan, A., Joshi, S. K., & Semwal, D. K. (2019). Role of plant-derived alkaloids against diabetes and diabetes-related complications: A mechanism-based approach. Phytochemistry Review, 18, 1277-1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-019-09648-6

• Li, W., & Li, N. (2020). Uji sitotoksik dan anti-inflamasi ekstrak buah bengkuang (Pachyrizus erosus (L.) Urb.) terhadap sel RAW 264.7 yang distimulasi lipopolisakarida [Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory test of bengkuang fruit extract (Pachyrizus erosus (L.) Urb.) against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells]. e-Biomedik, 8(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.31465

• Majnarić, L. T., Babič, F., Bosnić, Z., Zekić-Sušac, M., & Wittlinger, T. (2020). The use of artificial intelligence in assessing glucose variability in individuals with diabetes type 2 from routine primary care data. International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research, 7, 121. https://doi.org/10.23937/2377-3634/1410121

• Nubatonis, D. C., Ndaong, N. A., & Selan, Y. N. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) terhadap histopatologi pankreas mencit (Mus musculus) diabetes melitus (DM) tipe I [Effect of administrating ethanol extract of sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata Nees) on pancreatic histopathology of mice (Mus musculus) with type I diabetes mellitus (DM)]. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 3(1), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v3i1.1028

• Park, C. J., & Han, J.-S. (2015). Hypoglycemic effect of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 20(2), 88-93. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2015.20.2.88

• Putra, R. J. S., Achmad, A., & Rachma, P. H. (2017). Kejadian efek samping potensial terapi obat anti diabetes pasien diabetes melitus berdasarkan Algoritma Naranjo [Potential side effects of anti-diabetic drug therapy in diabetes mellitus patients based on Naranjo Algorithm]. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 2(2), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2017.002.02.3

• Safitri, Y., & Nurhayati, I. (2018). Pengaruh pemberian sari pati bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe II usia 40-50 tahun di Kelurahan Bangkinang wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bangkinang Kota tahun 2018 [Effect of giving bengkuang extract (Pachyrhizus erosus) on blood glucose levels in people with type II diabetes mellitus aged 40-50 years in the Bangkinang Village, Bangkinang City Health Center working area in the year 2018]. Jurnal Ners, 3(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v3i1.401

• Salma, N., Paendong, J., Momuat, L. I., & Togubu, S. (2013). Antihiperglikemik ekstrak tumbuhan suruhan (Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth) terhadap tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang diinduksi sukrosa [Antihyperglycemic plant extract (Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth) against sucrose-induced wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)]. Jurnal Ilmu Sains, 13(2), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.13.2.2013.3055

• Sandhar, H. K., Kumar, B., Prasher, S., Tiwari, P., Salhan, M., & Sharma, P. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of flavonoids. International Pharmaceutical Science, 1(1), 25-41.

• Saputri, F. C., & Zahara, R. (2016). Uji aktivitas anti-inflamasi minyak atsiri daun kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi karagenan [Test of anti-inflammatory activity of basil leaf essential oil (Ocimum americanum L.) in carrageenan-induced male white rats]. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v3i3.3619

• Sediarso, S., Sunaryo, H., & Amalia, N. (2012). Efek antidiabetes dan identifikasi senyawa dominan fraksi kloroform herba ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) [Antidiabetic effect and identification of the dominant compound chloroform fraction of the herb ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.)]. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian, 8(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v8i1.3469

• Soelistijo, S. A. (2015). Konsensus pengendalian dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia 2015 [Consensus on control and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia 2015]. Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia.

• Subiyono., Martsiningsih, M. A., & Gabrela, D. (2016). Gambaran kadar glukosa darah metode GOD-PAP (glucose oxidase-peroxidase aminoantypirin) sampel serum dan plasma EDTA (ethylen diamin terta acetat) [Description of blood glucose levels GOD-PAP method (glucose oxidase-aminoantypirin peroxidase) serum and plasma samples EDTA (ethylene diamine terta acetate)]. Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium, 5(1), 45-48.

• Suvarna, S. K., Layton, C., & Bancroft, J. D. (2019). Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques (8th ed.). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-00143-5

• Valentina, E. (2013). Daya peredaman radikal bebas ekstrak metanol biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) [Free radical suppression power of papaya seed methanol extract (Carica papaya L.) with DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl)]. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmu Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 2(1), 1-9.