PERTANIKA PROCEEDINGS

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• Agüera, E., & De la Haba, P. (2018). Leaf senescence in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and low nitrogen supply. Biologia Plantarum, 62(3), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-018-0798-z

• Aldini, G. M., Martono, E., & Trisyono, Y. A. (2019). Diversity of natural enemies associated with refuge flowering plants of Zinnea elegans, Cosmos sulphureus, and Tagetes erecta in rice ecosystem. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 23(2), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.33947

• Aminifard, M. H., Aroiee, H., Nemati, H., Azizi, M., & Khayyat, M. (2012). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on vegetative and reproductive growth of pepper plants under field conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35(2), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.636126

• Aryal, S., Baniya, M. K., Danekhu, K., Kunwar, P., Gurung, R., & Koirala, N. (2019). Total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants, 8(4), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040096

• Carstensen, A., Herdean, A., Schmidt, S. B., Sharma, A., Spetea, C., Pribil, M., & Husted, S. (2018). The impacts of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Plant Physiology, 177(1), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01624

• Chen, J., Yang, J., Ma, L., Li, J., Shahzad, N., & Kim, C. K. (2020). Structure-antioxidant activity relationship of methoxy, phenolic hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid groups of phenolic acids. Scientific Reports, 10, 2611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59451-z

• Cheng, S.-H., Khoo, H. E., Ismail, A., Abdul-Hamid, A., & Barakatun-Nisak, M. Y. (2016). Influence of extraction solvents on Cosmos caudatus leaf antioxidant properties. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 40, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-016-0007-x

• Dai, F.-J., & Chau, C.-F. (2017). Classification and regulatory perspectives of dietary fiber. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 25(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.09.006

• de los Santos, C. B., Vicencio-Rammsy, B., Lepoint, G., Remy, F., Bouma, T. J., & Gobert, S. (2016). Ontogenic variation and effect of collection procedure on leaf biomechanical properties of Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Marine Ecology, 37(4), 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12340

• Deng, B., Li, Y., Xu, D., Ye, Q., & Liu, G. (2019). Nitrogen availability alters flavonoid accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus via the effects on the internal carbon/nitrogen balance. Scientific Reports, 9, 2370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38837-8

• DeVries, J. W., Prosky, L., Li, B., & Cho, S. (1999). A historical perspective on defining dietary fiber. Cereal Foods World, 44, 367–369.

• Ekwealor, K. U., Anukwuorji, C. A., Egboka, T. P., & Eze, H. N. (2020). Studies on the comparative effects of cow dung, goat dung, and poultry manure in the restoration of gully eroded soil using Amaranthus hybridus as a test plant. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 6(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJSSPN/2020/v6i230082

• Gil, M. I., Tudela, J. A., Martínez-Sánchez, A., & Luna, M. C. (2012). Harvest maturity indicators of leafy vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Review, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2212/spr.2012.1.2

• Hassan, S. A., Mijin, S., Yusoff, U. K., Ding, P., & Wahab, P. E. M. (2012). Nitrate, ascorbic acid, mineral, and antioxidant activities of Cosmos caudatus in response to organic and mineral-based fertilizer rates. Molecules, 17(7), 7843–7853. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17077843

• Igile, G. O., Iwara, I. A., Mgbeje, B. I. A., Uboh, F. E., & Ebong, P. E. (2013). Phytochemical, proximate, and nutrient composition of Vernonia calvaona Hook (Asteraceae): A green-leafy vegetable in Nigeria. Journal of Food Research, 2(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n6p1

• Jena, A. K., Deuri, R., Sharma, P., & Singh, S. P. (2018). Underutilized vegetable crops and their importance. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(5), 402–407.

• Khandaker, M. M., Rohani, F., Dalorima, T., & Mat, N. (2017). Effects of different organic fertilizers on growth, yield, and quality of Capsicum annuum L. var. Kulai (red chilli Kulai). Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 14(1), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2434

• Krapp, A. (2015). Plant nitrogen assimilation and its regulation: A complex puzzle with missing pieces. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 25, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.010

• Lim, T. K. (2013). Cosmos sulphureus. In Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants: Flowers (Vol. 7, pp. 287–290). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7395-0_19

• Lima, G. P. P., Vianello, F., Corrêa, C. R., da Silva Campos, R. A., & Borguini, M. G. (2014). Polyphenols in fruits and vegetables and their effect on human health. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5, 1065–1082. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.511117

• Liu, C.-W., Sung, Y., Chen, B.-C., & Lai, H.-Y. (2014). Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nitrate content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(4), 4427–4440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404427

• Liu, D. (2021). Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 63(6), 1065–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13090

• Mengel, K. (2016). Potassium. In A. V Barker & D. J. Pilbeam (Eds.), Handbook of plant nutrition (pp. 91-120). CRC Press.

• Neina, D. (2019). The role of soil pH in plant nutrition and soil remediation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2019, 5794869. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5794869

• Nobossé, P., Fombang, E. N., & Mbofung, C. M. F. (2018). Effects of age and extraction solvent on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of fresh Moringa oleifera L. leaves. Food Science and Nutrition, 6(8), 2188–2198. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.783

• Olarewaju, O. A., Alashi, A. M., Taiwo, K. A., Oyedele, D., Adebooye, O. C., & Aluko, R. E. (2018). Influence of nitrogen fertilizer micro-dosing on phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties of aqueous extracts of three tropical leafy vegetables. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(4), e12566. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12566

• Onyango, C. M., Harbinson, J., Imungi, J. K., Shibairo, S. S., & van Kooten, O. (2012). Influence of organic and mineral fertilization on germination, leaf nitrogen, nitrate accumulation, and yield of vegetable amaranth. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35(3), 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2012.639917

• Ortega-Medrano, R. J., Ceja-Torres, L. F., Vázquez-Sánchez, M., Martínez-Ávila, G. C. G., & Medina-Medrano, J. R. (2023). Characterization of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (Asteraceae): Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and chromatography analysis. Plants, 12(4), 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040896

• Oyedeji, S., Animasaun, D. A., Bello, A. A., & Agboola, O. O. (2014). Effect of NPK and poultry manure on growth, yield, and proximate composition of three amaranths. Journal of Botany, 2014, 828750. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/828750

• Puttock, C. F. (2022). Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos). CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.110395

• Rahayuningsih, E., Wikansari, D. A., & Setiawan, H. (2016). Natural colorants from Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Tagetes erecta L.: Extraction and characterization. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16(2), 44–58. https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49893

• Ramya, V., & Patel, P. (2019). Health benefits of vegetables. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(2), 82–87.

• Respatie, D. W., Yudono, P., Purwantoro, A., & Trisyono, Y. A. (2019). The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus. Biodiversitas, 20(12), 3568–2574. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d201215

• Santosa, E., Prawati, U., Sobir., Mine, Y., & Sugiyama, N. (2015). Agronomy, utilization, and economics of indigenous vegetables in West Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 6(3), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.6.3.125-134

• Souza, L. A., & Tavares, R. (2021). Nitrogen and stem development: A puzzle still to be solved. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 630587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.630587

• Steiner, F., Zuffo, A. M., de Moraes Echer, M., & Guimarães, V. F. (2019). Produção e qualidade nutricional de couve-de-folha com adubação mineral e orgânica [Production and nutritional quality of kale with mineral and organic fertilizer]. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, 40(5Supl1), 2165–2178. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5Supl1p2165

• Sun, Y., Hou, M., Mur, L. A. J., Yang, Y., Zhang, T., Xu, X., Huang, S., & Tong, H. (2019). Nitrogen drives plant growth to the detriment of leaf sugar and steviol glycoside metabolisms in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 141, 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.008

• Sung, J., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Ha, S., Song, B., Kim, T., Waters, B. M., & Krishnan, H. B. (2015). Metabolomic profiling from leaves and roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown under nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium-deficient conditions. Plant Science, 241, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.027

• Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Chauhan, D. K., Prasad, S. M., & Dubey, N. K. (2014). Role of macronutrients in plant growth and acclimation: Recent advances and future prospective. In P. Ahmad, M. R. Wani, M. M. Azzoz, & L.-S. P. Tram (Eds.), Improvement of crops in the era of climatic changes (Vol. 2, pp. 197–216). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8824-8_8

• Uwah, D. F., & Eyo, V. E. (2014). Effects of Number and Rate of goat manure application on soil properties, growth and yield of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Strut). Sustainable Agriculture Research, 3(4), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n4p75

• Vargas Amado, G., Castro Castro, A., Harker, M., Vargas-Amado, M. E., Villaseñor, J. L., Ortiz, E., & Rodríguez, A. (2020). Western Mexico is a priority area for the conservation of Cosmos (Coreopsideae, Asteraceae), based on richness and track analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation, 29, 545–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01898-2

• Vermeulen, S., Wellesley, L., Airey, S., Singh, S., Agustina, R., Izwardy, D., & Saminarsih, D. (2019). Healthy diets from sustainable production: Indonesia. Chatham House.

• Vongsak, B., Sithisarn, P., Mangmool, S., Thongpraditchote, S., Wongkrajang, Y., & Gritsanapan, W. (2013). Maximizing total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by the appropriate extraction method. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 566–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.09.021

• Wang, B., Qu, J., Luo, S., Feng, S., Li, T., Yuan, M., Huang, Y., Liao, J., Yang, R., & Ding, C. (2018). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from olive (Olea europaea) leaves, and evaluation of their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Molecules, 23, 2513. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102513

• Wang, H., Xu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, D., Li, L., Li, W., & Sheng, L. (2019). Effects of long-term application of organic fertilizer on improving organic matter content and retarding acidity in red soil from China. Soil and Tillage Research, 195, 104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104382

• Yousaf, M., Bashir, S., Raza, H., Shah, A. N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Bukhari, M. A., Muhammad, S., Hashim, S., Alkahtani, J., Alwahibi, M. S., & Hu, C. (2021). Role of nitrogen and magnesium for growth, yield, and nutritional quality of radish. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(5), 3021–3030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.043

• Zeb, A. (2020). Concept, mechanism, and applications of phenolic antioxidants in foods. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(9), e13394. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13394