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Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

Official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia for scholarly work across science, engineering and related technologies.

e-ISSN 2231-8526 ISSN 0128-7680
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Research article

Automated Negative Lightning Return Strokes Characterization Using Brute-Force Search Algorithm

Faranadia Abdul Haris, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir, Sukhairi Sudin, Jasronita Jasni, Dalina Johari and Nur Hazirah Zaini

Volume 30, Issue 2 April 2022 Published 1 April 2022
https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.07
KeywordsBrute-force search algorithm; electric field; lightning; negative return stroke
Article content

Abstract

Over the years, many studies have been conducted to measure, analyze, and characterize the lightning electric field waveform for a better conception of the lightning phenomenon. Moreover, the characterization mainly on the negative return strokes also significantly contributed to the development of the lightning detection system. Those studies mostly performed the characterization using a conventional method based on manual observations. Nevertheless, this method could compromise the accuracy of data analysis due to human error. Moreover, a longer processing time would be required to analyze data, especially for larger sample sizes. Hence, this study proposed the development of an automated negative lightning return strokes characterization using a brute-force search algorithm. A total of 170 lightning electric field waveforms were characterized automatically using the proposed algorithm. The manual and automated data were compared by evaluating their percentage difference, arithmetic mean (AM), and standard deviation (SD). The statistical analysis showed a good agreement between the manual and automated data with a percentage difference of 1.19% to 4.82%. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could provide an efficient structure and procedure by reducing the processing time and minimizing human error. Non-uniformity among users during negative lightning return strokes characterization can also be eliminated.
Supporting literature

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