Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology
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Pertanika · Universiti Putra Malaysia Press

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

Official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia for scholarly work across science, engineering and related technologies.

e-ISSN 2231-8526 ISSN 0128-7680
Research article

Mechanical Testing Analysis of Hybrid Composites of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre and Sugarcane Bagasse Fibre for Environmentally Friendly Car Body Materials

Aris Sandi, Aulia Majid, and Syafiq Fadhlika

https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.34.4.24
KeywordsAutomotive materials, empty oil palm bunches, hybrid composite, mechanical properties, sugarcane bagasse
Article content

Abstract

Indonesia generates large quantities of agro-industrial waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and sugarcane bagasse, which have potential as sustainable reinforcing materials for polymer composites. This study investigated the effect of OPEFB–bagasse fibre composition on the mechanical properties of epoxy-based hybrid composites fabricated using the hand lay-up method. Five composite formulations with a constant epoxy content of 50% and varying OPEFB-to-bagasse ratios were prepared and evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The hybrid composite containing 30% OPEFB, 20% bagasse, and 50% epoxy exhibited the best overall mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 16.78 MPa, a flexural strength of 59.95 MPa, an impact toughness of 3.08 kJ/m², and a Young's modulus of 8.80 GPa. SEM observations revealed good fibre–matrix adhesion and fibre pull-out mechanisms that contributed to improved energy absorption. Statistical analysis showed that fibre composition significantly affected flexural strength (p = 0.047), whereas its effects on tensile strength and impact toughness were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The developed hybrid composite exhibited mechanical properties comparable to several previously reported natural fibre-reinforced epoxy composites, indicating its potential for lightweight non-structural automotive body applications.