Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology
Pertanika Journal Home Facebook
Pertanika ยท Universiti Putra Malaysia Press

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

Official journal of Universiti Putra Malaysia for scholarly work across science, engineering and related technologies.

e-ISSN 2231-8526 ISSN 0128-7680
Research article

Sample Size and Non-Normality Effects on Goodness of Fit Measures in Structural Equation Models

Ainur, A. K., Sayang, M. D., Jannoo, Z. and Yap, B. W.

KeywordsStructural equation model, goodness-of-fit, non-normality, simulation
Article content

Abstract

A Structural Equation Model (SEM) is often used to test whether a hypothesised theoretical model agrees with data by examining the model fit. This study investigates the effect of sample size and distribution of data (normal and non-normal) on goodness of fit measures in structural equation model. Simulation results confirm that the GoF measures are affected by sample size, whereas they are quite robust when data are not normal. Absolute measures (GFI, AGFI, RMSEA) are more affected by sample size while incremental fit measures such as TLI and CFI are less affected by sample size and non-normality.