PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

e-ISSN 2231-8526
ISSN 0128-7680

Home / Regular Issue / JST Vol. 31 (4) Dec. 2023 / JSSH-8543-2021

 

Exploring Disruptive Adolescent Behaviours on Social Media: A Case Study During the Times of Crisis

Aliff Nawi, Nor Yazi Khamis, Zalmizy Hussin and Muhammad Noor Abdul Aziz

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 31, Issue 4, December 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.4.01

Keywords: Adolescence, behaviour, crisis, disruptive, social media

Published on: 13 December 2023

Social media usage has been observed to increase in times of crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic, when it served as the primary means of communication with the outside world. The amplification is hypothesised to cause higher adverse consequences to adolescents with disruptive behaviours. These vulnerable youngsters, characterised by higher negative emotionality, could experience a more unfavourable impact of the media than those with non-disruptive behaviours. However, the extent to which the media can affect disruptive adolescents is unknown. Twenty-one secondary school adolescents identified with several disruptive behaviour records were selected for a survey and online observation of an explanatory mixed-method design. Nine adolescents’ personal Instagram accounts were observed for over three months. The data recorded a medium-high social media use among the respondents, particularly in maintaining existing relationships. There were patterns of oblivious, excessive attention-seeking posts from the qualitative exploration, which conflicts with the adolescents’ weak agreement on using the media to make themselves known. The adolescents’ postings on spiritual advice brought some engrossing tone down of the adolescents’ behaviours. The grounded religious beliefs could be their self-control mechanism when using the media. The echo chamber of their spiritual advice postings and controlled media use could be much-needed interventions for adolescents with disruptive behaviours.

  • Ab Rahman, Z., Awang, J., Ibrahim, M., Mohd Haidhar, K., Yusof, M., Kadir, F. A. A., & Mohamed, S. B. (2018). Element of silent repetition of prayers and self-reflection or introspection approaches in coping with problematic behaviors among adolescents. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 261-268.

  • Adelantado-Renau, M., Moliner-Urdiales, D., Cavero-Redondo, I., Beltran-Valls, M. R., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., & Álvarez-Bueno, C. (2019). Association between screen media use and academic performance among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(11), 1058-1067. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176

  • Ali, A. A. Z., Muhammad, N. A., Jamil, T. R., Ahmad, S., & Abd Aziz, N. A. (2021). Internet pornography exposures amongst young people in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study looking into the role of gender and perceived realism versus the actual sexual activities. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100350

  • Boulianne, S., Lalancette, M., & Ilkiw, D. (2020). “School Strike 4 Climate”: Social media and the international youth protest on climate change. Media and Communication, 8(2), 208-218. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2768

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

  • Brown, J. A., & Wisco, J. J. (2019). The components of the adolescent brain and its unique sensitivity to sexually explicit material. Journal of Adolescence, 72(1), 10-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.01.006

  • Brubaker, J. R., Swan, A., & Beverly, E. A. (2020). A brief intervention to reduce burnout and improve sleep quality in medical students. BMC Medical Education, 20, 345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02263-6

  • Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Agostiniani, R., Barni, S., Russo, R., Scarpato, E., Di Mauro, A., Di Stefano, A. V., Caruso, C., Corsello, G., & Staiano, A. (2022). The use of social media in children and adolescents: Scoping review on the potential risks. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19, 9960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169960

  • Buctot, D. B., Kim, N., & Kim, J. J. (2020). Factors associated with smartphone addiction prevalence and its predictive capacity for health-related quality of life among Filipino adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104758

  • Byrne, E., Vessey, J.A. & Pfeifer, L. (2018). Cyberbullying and social media: Information and interventions for school nurses working with victims, students, and families. The Journal of School Nursing, 34(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517740191

  • Cao, X., & Yu, L. (2019). Exploring the influence of excessive social media use at work: A three-dimension usage perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 46(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.019

  • Cheung, C. M., Wong, R. Y. M., & Chan, T. K. (2020). Online disinhibition: Conceptualisation, measurement, and implications for online deviant behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 121(1), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2020-0509

  • Chukwuere, J. E., & Chukwuere, P. C. (2017). The impact of social media on social lifestyle: A case study of female university students. Gender and Behaviour, 15(4), 9966-9981.

  • Creswell, J. W., & Clark, P. V. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publication.

  • Criss, S., Michaels, E. K., Solomon, K., Allen, A. M., & Nguyen, T. T. (2021). Twitter fingers and echo chambers: Exploring expressions and experiences of online racism using Twitter. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(5), 1322-1331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00894-5

  • Daud, M., & Zulhuda, S. (2020). Regulating the spread of false content online in Malaysia: Issues, challenges and the way forward. International Journal of Business & Society, 21(1), 32-48.

  • Del Vigna, F., Cimino, A., Dell’Orletta, F., Petrocchi, M., & Tesconi, M. (2017). Hate me, hate me not: Hate speech detection on Facebook. In A. Armando, R. Baldoni, & R. Focardi (Eds.), Proceedings of the First Italian Conference on Cybersecurity (ITASEC17) (pp. 86-95). https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-09.pdf

  • Ding, W. E., Tan, K. A., Fam, J. Y., Mukhtar, F., Lye, M. S., Awang, H., & Munawar, K. (2021). Psychometric evaluation of the Malay version of the Multidimensional Beck Youth Inventories-2 (BYI-2 Malay): Measuring self-concept, anxiety, depression, anger, and disruptive behaviour among adolescents in sheltered homes. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 29(1), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.1.15

  • Duong, C. T. P. (2020). Social media. A literature review. Journal of Media Research-Revista de Studii Media, 13(38), 112-126. https://doi.org/10.24193/jmr.38.7

  • Eischen, K. J. (2021). Should employers “Like” social media screenings? The pros and cons of social media screenings in hiring. Drake Law Review. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dralours71&div=2&id=&page=

  • Farré, J. M., Montejo, A. L., Agulló, M., Granero, R., Chiclana Actis, C., Villena, A., Maideu, E., Sánchez, M., Fernández-Aranda, F., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Mestre-Bach, G. (2020). Pornography use in adolescents and its clinical implications. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11), 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113625

  • Geirdal, A. Ø., Ruffolo, M., Leung, J., Thygesen, H., Price, D., Bonsaksen, T., & Schoultz, M. (2021). Mental health, quality of life, well-being, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2021.1875413

  • Giles, D. C., & Edwards, L. (2018). Instagram and the rise of the social media influencer. Twenty-first Century Celebrity: Fame in Digital Culture (pp. 155-173). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78743-708-120181012

  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. SAGE Publications.

  • Hasan, M. R., Jha, A. K., & Liu, Y. (2018). Excessive use of online video streaming services: Impact of recommender system use, psychological factors, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.020

  • Hashim, H., Kadir, N. A. A., Mansor, F., & Azudin, M. Z. M. (2020). Open and distance learning (ODL) during movement control order (MCO): Conceptualising the relationships between self-efficacy, learning motivation and performance of higher learning education students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(8), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i8/7530

  • Hawk, S.T., van den Eijnden, R. J., van Lissa, C. J., & ter Bogt, T. F. (2019). Narcissistic adolescents’ attention-seeking following social rejection: Links with social media disclosure, problematic social media use, and smartphone stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.032

  • Hayes, S. C. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies-republished article. Behavioral Therapy, 47(6), 869-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.006

  • Hjetland, G. J., Schønning, V., Hella, R.T., Veseth, M., & Skogen, J. C. (2021). How do Norwegian adolescents experience the role of social media in relation to mental health and well-being: A qualitative study. BMC Psychology, 9, 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00582-x

  • Hogg, M. A. (2021). Chapter five - self-uncertainty and group identification: Consequences for social identity, group behavior, intergroup relations, and society. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 64, 263-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.04.004

  • Horzum, M. B. (2016). Examining the relationship between gender and personality on the purpose of Facebook usage of Turkish university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.010

  • Jiang, H. J., Nan, J., Lv, Z. Y., & Yang, J. (2020). Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on Chinese people: Exposure, post-traumatic stress symptom, and emotion regulation. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 13(6), 252-259. https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.281614

  • Kadian, J., & Krishan, P. (2022). The right to privacy: An overview of the new era of privacy breaches emerging from the advent of social media platforms. International Journal of Law Management & Humanities, 5(4), 1062-1068. https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.113436

  • Keresteš, G., & Štulhofer, A. (2020). Adolescents’ online social network use and life satisfaction: A latent growth curve modeling approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106187

  • Khor, V., Arunasalam, A., Azli, S., Khairul-Asri, M. G., & Fahmy, O. (2020). Experience from Malaysia during the COVID-19 movement control order. Urology, 141, 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.070

  • Koh, B. Y. E., Pang, T. P. N., Shoesmith, W. D., James S., Nor Hadi, N. M., & Loo, J. L. (2020). The behaviour changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic within Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 27(2), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.5

  • Lajnef, K. (2023). The effect of social media influencers on teenagers’ behavior: An empirical study using cognitive map technique. Current Psychology, 42, 19364-19377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04273-1

  • Ling, T. Z., Pheng, J. K. A., Sin, W. W., & Soon-Aun, T. (2017). The relationship between personality traits and behavioral problems among adolescents in Malaysia. Sains Humanika, 9(3-2), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n3-2.1270

  • Malaysian Communications & Multimedia Commission. (2020). Kajian pengguna internet [Internet User Research]. https://www.mcmc.gov.my/ms/resources/statistics/internet-users-survey

  • Mansor, A. N., Sanasi, J., Mohd Nor, M. Y., Mohamad Nasir, N., & Abdul Wahab, J. (2017). Teacher perceptions of managing indiscipline amongst at-risk teenage students: A Malaysian study. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(5), 112-119. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.05.020

  • Mawson, A. R. (2005). Understanding mass panic and other collective responses to threat and disaster. Psychiatry, 68(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/ 10.1521/psyc.2005.68.2.95

  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A method sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2

  • Nawi, A., Zakaria, G. A. N., Hashim, N., Mahalle, S., & Ren, C. C. (2020). The needs of Islamic digital resources in Polytechnic Brunei Darussalam: A preliminary study. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13115a

  • Nisar, T. M., Prabhakar, G., & Strakova, L. (2019). Social media information benefits, knowledge management and smart organisations. Journal of Business Research, 94, 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.005

  • Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.R. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299901700307

  • Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.024

  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. SAGE Publications.

  • Pew Research Center. (2022). Teens, social media and technology 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/

  • Rodgers, R. F., & Rousseau, A. (2022). Social media and body image: Modulating effects of social identities and user characteristics. Body Image, 41, 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.02.009

  • Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., Burroughs, H., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: Exploring its conceptualisation and operationalisation. Quality & Quantity, 52(4), 1893-1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8

  • Sun, R. C., & Shek, D. T. (2012). Student classroom misbehavior: An exploratory study based on teachers’ perceptions. The Scientific World Journal, 12(8), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/208907

  • Ting, C. H., & Essau, C. (2021). Addictive behaviours among university students in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14(21), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100375

  • Van Ouytsel, J., Walrave, M., De Marez, L., Vanhaelewyn, B., & Ponnet, K. (2021). Sexting, pressured sexting and image-based sexual abuse among a weighted sample of heterosexual and LGB-youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 117, 106630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106630

  • Wei, C. C., & Madon, Z. (2019). Peer attachment, self-efficacy, and aggression among secondary school adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(1), 663-673.

  • Yusuf, B. N., & Ahmad, J. (2020). Are we prepared enough? A case study of challenges in online learning in a private higher learning institution during the Covid-19 outbreaks. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(5), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8211.

ISSN 0128-7680

e-ISSN 2231-8526

Article ID

JSSH-8543-2021

Download Full Article PDF

Share this article

Related Articles